In a word, money. Which would then buy the needed technology that we still don't have to make such a flight work.
Much of the work done at the ISS is building the knowledge baseline for such long duration deep space manned flight. But, there are still major issues that would be very risky to do with a crew well beyond the Earth-Moon system.
Let's say we had a working Moonbase. Plus, of course, the needed infrastructure to go between the Earth and the Moon, as to keep such a base going, supplies would have to be sent up regularly, as they are now to the ISS, and people would be ccoming and going, again, as happens with the ISS now.
Suppose that there were a major medical issue with at least one crew member. Now, on the ISS, they'd only have to keep the person medically stable, and return them to Earth. That could be done all in less than a day. From the Moon, 3 to 4 days.
Once a manned ship is en route to Mars, no return in less than a year is possible. That means that such a ship would need far more medical capability than we've ever sent into space before.
And, that's just one aspect. How do you keep the same crew able to function without gravity for so long a trip ? Right now, 5-6 months is about the limit, and people who spend that long at the ISS need a lot of help to get around upon landing back on Earth. Yes, Mars has only one third the gravity of Earth, but a Mars crew will be WORKING there, and wearing spacesuits that likely will weigh as much as they do, so each Mars landing crewmember will have to be ready to work on Mars carrying 2/3rd, at least, of their Earth weight.
Oh, we never sent monkeys to the Moon. While one or two Soviet fly by and back spacecraft carried some turtles and the like, no one ever sent any monkeys out of Earth orbit.
And, trying to send an animal to Mars would be worse than pointless.