the arabs?
wiki says
It is speculated that the first known use of numbers dates back to around 35,000 BC.
Bones and other artifacts have been discovered with marks cut into them which many consider to be tally marks.
The first known system with place-value was the Mesopotamian base 60 system (ca. 3400 BC) and the earliest known base 10 system dates to 3100 BC in Egypt.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number#History
* 3.1 The first use of numbers
* 3.2 History of zero
* 3.3 History of negative numbers
* 3.4 History of rational numbers
* 3.5 History of irrational numbers
* 3.6 Transcendental numbers and reals
* 3.7 Infinity
* 3.8 Complex numbers
* 3.9 Prime numbers