Let's narrow the scope a bit
astronmers use:
1. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system and are termed
-right ascension (α) or RA and
-declination (δ)
It is related to the Earth's geographic coordinate system. The celestial equator is the projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles are simply the projection of the Earth's geographic poles onto the celestial sphere.
There are two types of equatorial coordinate systems:
I. The hour angle system, is fixed to the Earth like the geographic coordinate system /
II. The right ascension system is fixed to the stars, with the exception of precession and nutation effects(which we won't bother with here).
2. The altituide-azimuth coordinate system.
Altitude is the angle up from the horizon. Zero degrees altitude means exactly on your local horizon, and 90 degrees directly overhead so straight down is -90 degrees altitude. Azimuth is the angle along the horizon, with zero degrees corresponding to North, and increasing clockwise . this makes 90 degrees East, 180 degrees South and 270 degrees West. Using these two angles, the apparent position of an object can be described (e.g., the moon at a given time).