Hal told me the answer, but since I've got no chance of getting the ten points, I'm keeping it to myself.
edit (post "first answer sucked")
In that case, Hal says that he was instructed by Stanley Kubrick to use red light illumination in many parts of the ship because it added to the "DANGER" sense that Kubrick wanted to create. Red lighting is viewed by humans as a danger sign, since for the 4 million years since the black monolith tinkered around with Moonwatcher's mind, humans have equated red light with fire, heat and danger. It's genetic and Kubrick, being the genius that he was in telling stories, used red to emphasize "danger" in a number of scenes.
In real life, as many others have said, red lights are used, primarily at night, to prepare humans for going out into the darkness (standing watch in the military, going on night hikes, etc). During my seven months on a Navy ship in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, I was grateful that I seldom had to wait long to achieve my best night vision when I took my binoculars out on deck at night to stargaze. Almost the entire ship was "red lighted" at sundown to enable watchstanders, gunners and flight crews to be ready for duty as soon as they went out on deck or onto the bridge. Though interior spaces, such as crew quarters and mess hall, used white lights after dark, interior passageways used red.